Futuring and Innovation: Planning and Forecasting I

CS875-2202C-01

Unit 5 Discussion Board 2

Raphael Brown

Colorado Technical University

Instructor: Dr. Cynthia Calongne

Date Due: 03/31/22

Concepts of Forecasting and Predictions

Disclaimer:

            No one has the ability to precisely forecast the future. However, in business, one must continuously look for changes, both in the external and internal surroundings. As a result, it is necessary to make informed guesses about the future from time to time. In this case, forecasting is a vital tool for planning that may be beneficial. Allow us to learn more about forecasting techniques.

    When creating predictions regarding the future direction of a corporation or firm, forecasting is done using trend analysis and data from the previous and current periods. So, in essence, data about the company is gathered and evaluated, and analysis is performed to anticipate future situations that are likely to occur. As a result, forecasting is a critical instrument in strategic business planning.

    Managers often create forecasts (at various levels, including statisticians, specialists, economists, and consultants, among others). They include a significant amount of data collection (both historical and current) and data analysis. Scientific tools and methodologies are also used in this process. Nevertheless, predicting is not a precise science at the end of the day. There will always be some degree of speculation and observation involved. At this point, the expertise and experience of these professionals come into play.

The following are some essential qualities or elements of forecasting:

·       Forecasting is only concerned with events that will occur in the future.

·       It assesses the likelihood of a future event or transaction occurring or taking place.

·       It entails the examination of facts from both the past and the present.

·       Forecasting is the process of making predictions using scientific tools and procedures.

·       However, it also requires some educated guesses and observations.

Identifying and comprehending the organizational structure

    There are an almost infinite number of things that may influence a company's destiny. Identification of all of these variables is neither feasible nor desired. To generate an accurate projection, managers must first identify the elements on which they should concentrate their efforts. As a result, both internal and external aspects must be investigated to discover the company's strategic components.

Predicting what will happen in the future

    Now that the groundwork has been built, the next stage is to develop a precise and scientific projection of the future. A mix of scientific methods and procedures is used in conjunction with professional judgment and observations. The prediction is not a perfect strategy but rather a map that will guide you through the future.

Determination of Disparities

    There will be no prediction that is 100 percent correct. A thorough examination and analysis of any variances or deviations from the projections are required. This will aid in the production of more accurate projections in the foreseeable future.

Making Modifications to the Forecasting Procedure

    Experience and practice are essential in developing the necessary expertise and professional judgment. With each cycle, the forecasting process is fine-tuned even more. As a result, we can learn from our errors and inadequacies and continue to improve our forecasting techniques.

    In an odd twist of fate, although there has been a steady fall in demand for physical books throughout time, the pace of decline seems to have slowed and even steadied in recent years. B & N states that commerce has grown marginally for its physical reading material. The company expects to close just eight locations this year, down from the previously announced intention to close six in the previous year (Wahba, 2016). There is some validity to this increase in demand for physical books. The proverbial pendulum seems to be swinging somehow, as Amazon established a physical bookshop in University Village in Seattle, indicating that the tide is turning (Wahba, 2016). Amazon now plans to construct a second bookstore in the Westfield University Town Center Mall in Southern California, with 400 more locations expected to open around the country in the future (Van Grove & Li, 2016). Amazon is guaranteeing that it is riding the crest of a wave of growth in book sales at brick-and-mortar shops after the enormous transition in the industry years ago to online reading and e-readers, as reported by the Wall Street Journal (Van Grove & Li, 2016).

    As stated in several conversations, the notion of forecasting and prediction is a constraining approach that does not foresee enormous upheavals in the environment and, as a result, does not succeed in constructing alternative future scenarios beyond the "typical" sequence of events. Forecasting and prediction methodologies may incorporate processes that provide the results necessary to anticipate possible future scenarios; however, it is also possible that many forecasting methods tend to focus on only a few and, as a result, severely restrict the scope of possibilities. As explained by Dr. Walonick, forecasting enables individuals to make choices based on factors that can be changed to prepare for the future. In contrast, prediction requires considering probable changes that might affect the future (1993). When predicting, Walonick (1993) makes three assumptions that must be taken into consideration:

 

1.     For starters, it is feasible to forecast the future or the changing course of events with high confidence in some instances.

2.     There will always be blind spots, some variable that appears out of nowhere.

3.     In other cases, providing projections is counterproductive since forecasts may lead to policy changes, which can alter future results.

 

    Dr. Walonick discussed several forecasting and prediction methods (1993). According to some, a method known as genius forecasting is comparable to "psychics" in that it is based on intuition, insight, and luck (Walonick, 1993). In addition to trend extrapolation, another strategy often used in the corporate sector is the consensus method. Experts are brought together to debate emerging elements and forces that may impact the future and establish practical preparedness to anticipate the resultant changes (Walonick, 1993). Regardless of the specific approaches used, a mix of procedures and adequate analysis are required to generate plausible future scenarios. Although no organization or person can be fully prepared for every possibility, they may plan for and create suitable reactions to those considered the most probable and most influential in their particular situation.

    An example of a renowned forecast was John Elfreth Watkins Jr., an American civil engineer who lived around 1900 and made several predictions, some of which were realized. One such forecast seems to be about mobile phones, and it was titled "Telephones Across the Globe." Watkins' prognosis was as follows (according to Geoghegan, 2012):

"It is anticipated that worldwide wireless telephone and telegraph connections would be established. A husband in the middle of the Atlantic will be able to communicate with his wife in Chicago, who will be seated in her boudoir at the time of the conversation. We shall be able to telephone China with the same ease we already communicate from New York to Brooklyn..."

    The concept of wireless telephones was incredibly groundbreaking, mainly when Alexander Graham Bell made the first transcontinental phone call roughly 15 years later when he invented the telephone (Geoghegan, 2012). The study placed at the time of Watkins' prediction was one of the determining factors in making it a reality. The telephone was conceived in 1876 and first used in large cities in 1900 when it was widely adopted. In 1915, however, it was only after Sir John Ambrose created the vacuum diode, followed by Lee de Forest's invention of the triode, which amplified signals, that the first transcontinental phone conversation could be made (Greatest Achievement, 2016). Interestingly, Bell and his financial backers offered to sell the patent to Western Union Telegraph at the time of invention. Still, the company declined to purchase the patent because it was perceived as nothing more than a toy that would not amount to anything (possibly due to a lack of foresight on the company) (ShoreTel, 2016). The installation of a telephone in the White House in 1878, which then-US President Rutherford B. Hayes used, was a significant factor in the success of the telephone. The telephone was a significant factor in the success of the telephone (PBS, n.d.). Western Union filed a lawsuit against the Bell Telephone Company in the following years, which was lost consistently. Bell Telephone eventually became American Telephone and Telegraph (AT & T) (PBS, n.d.).

 

 

References

Geoghagan, T. (2012) Ten 100-year predictions that came true. BBC News. [Online] http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16444966

Greatest Achievements (2016). Telephone timeline. Retrieved from http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3625

PBS (n.d.) More about Bell. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/peopleevents/mabell.html

ShoreTel (2016). Alexander Graham Bell and the history of the telephone. Retrieved from https://www.shoretel.com/content/alexander-graham-bell-and-history-telephone

Van Grove, J. Li, S. (2016). Amazon to open 2nd physical bookstore, this one in Southern California. Los Angeles Times [Online]. http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-amazonbooks-malls-20160308-story.html

Wahba, P (2015). Amazon Is opening an actual, real-life bookstore. Fortune. [Online] Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2015/11/03/amazon-bookstore/

Wahba, P. (2016). Barnes & Noble's stores provide relief as online sales plunge. Fortune.[Online] Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2016/03/03/barnes-noble-results/

Walonick, D. (1993). An overview of forecasting methodology. Retrieved from http://www.statpac.org/research-library/forecasting.htm

 

 

 

Futuring and Innovation: Planning and Forecasting I

CS875-2202C-01

Raphael Brown

Colorado Technical University

Instructor: Dr. Cynthia Calongne

Date: 03/31/22 

Scenario Planning Versus Traditional Planning

In their decision-making approach, decision-makers frequently encounter failure because they have a predisposition to rationality; however, they focus on only external variables, conflicts in information and knowledge, mental models built on biased premise or policy, and mental models built on biased premise or policy (Chermack, 2004). In contrast to standard forecasting methodologies, the scenario planning technique avoids many of the difficulties outlined by Chermack (2004) and allows for a more flexible approach to the decision-making process.

Scenario planning vs. traditional forecasting: Which is better?

Historical data is primarily relied upon by organizations that use standard forecasting models in their decision-making process (Stoll Quevedo, 2020). When data mining methods are used, forecasting models have a particular dependence on the data structure and the data processing techniques used on the data. To establish the findings' dependencies based on specified inputs and predicted links between the data, statistical analysis and visualization models use accurate computation and calculating methods that are precise (Stoll Quevedo, 2020). Typically, mean calculations and subsequent examination of the data to arrive at the mean value serve as a typical way for influencing judgments based on the statistical probability of a particular scenario or hypothesis in a given situation or hypothesis. As an alternative to the conventional way of forecasting future outcomes using statistical probability and strength, scenario planning has developed a new and unique method of influencing decision-making processes (Frum, 2013). It combines a more strategic approach to the decision-making process, rather than being connected to a statistically driven, most probable scenario, as is the case with traditional planning (Wade, 2012). While standard forecasting techniques are based on single-threaded dependencies ingrained in historical data, scenario planning considers other tactics that go beyond the statistically likely and into more possible futures instead of traditional forecasting approaches (Wade, 2012). Scenario planning considers a variety of extra aspects, both internal and external, to generate a large number of alternative outcomes that may be considered throughout the decision-making process. As seen by the movement of news transmission from conventional print media to online techniques, social and technical developments substantially influence the decision-making process, which has proven to be difficult to predict using statistical calculations in the past. Frum (2013) noted that scenario planning aims to reveal choices for managing the uncertain nature of the future while also controlling the increasing risks that businesses are confronting.

Scenario planning and traditional forecasting have several advantages and are both used.

Traditional forecasting tends to function as a more trustworthy decision-making process in highly statistically dependent circumstances where predictive behaviors are known. The number of influencing elements is relatively modest, unlike more recent forecasting methods. The use of scenario planning is more appropriate when a large number of components arise, the data is difficult to quantify, or when a firm statistical conclusion cannot be drawn from the available data. When compared to traditional forecasting methodologies, scenario planning offers several advantages, including a greater aperture of the organizational landscape because it takes into account the identification of multiple scenarios that could result from the data as well as the variety of factors that could impact the future beyond a prospective statistical probability (Frum, 2013).

 

References

Chermack, T. J. (2004). Improving decision-making with scenario planning. Futures, 36(3), 295-309.

Frum, D. (2013, August 6). World Association of Newspapers Scenario Planning. Retrieved December 18, 2020, from http://personalexpertsystem.blogspot.com/2013/08/world-association-of-newspapers.html

Stoll Quevedo, F. C. (2020). A comparison of machine learning and traditional demand forecasting methods (Order No. 27833151). Available from ProQuest One Academic. (2447270249). Retrieved from https://proxy.cecybrary.com/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.proxy.cecybrary.com/dissertations-theses/comparison-machine-learning-traditional-demand/docview/2447270249/se-2?accountid=144789

Wade, W. (2012). Scenario Planning [Colorado Technical University (CTU)]. Retrieved from https://coloradotech.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781118237410/

Futuring and Innovation: Think Tank Methods II - Game-Changing Ideas

  

Futuring and Innovation: Think Tank Methods II

Raphael Brown CS875 U4IP

Date Due: 03/27/22

 

Game-Changing Ideas

A person may have a life-changing event that alters the landscape. When they notice something extraordinary that others miss, it's an "ah-ha" moment. It is magic that transforms a person from average to extraordinary (Myatt. 2010). In this paper, I will undertake a fast search for two game-changing concepts that explain the societal effect of a company's transformation. With the help of the supporting forces, these two unintended game-changers will be examined.

Source: Adapted from Gamechangers.com, (n.d.)

What are some game-changing ideas and their process?

     As a rule, a game-changing idea alters how something is done by mistake. Parental leaves of absence for the care of an infant, such as maternity or paternity leave, are typical examples. When a child is born, parents in the United Kingdom are legally entitled to two weeks of paid leave from work. People who don't have children are now seeking maternity/paternity leave. In the industry, we refer to it as "me-maternity." As a result, this proposal might be yet another game-changer.

Folch (2013) believed that game-changing ideas begin with an unwillingness to accept the current state of affairs. For him, coming up with new ideas is a five-stage process. They are as follows:

A. Idea generation.

Using fresh information is the basic concept that is developed and expanded upon

B. Distillation is the second step.

Eliminating unnecessary ideas and retaining fundamental concepts is the goal of distillation.

C. Extending the search

This is when a game-changer concentrates on refining and building on a select number of crucial sub-ideas.

D. Inquiring about preconceived notions

Assumptions established when this notion was first conceived are called into question by the game-changer

E. Micro-tests

Finding techniques to rapidly and inexpensively test potential "deal-breaker" assumptions is the focus of this phase.

Repetition of these five processes will increase the overall idea's resistance to being broken or enhanced to promote creativity.

Game-changing stories

            A quick search on the Internet and in the C.T.U. Library yielded twenty goods born out of game-changing ideas discovered by chance and that communicate the societal effect of change. The following are two examples of game-changing concepts:

1. Complements like matches

Perhaps people have been experimenting with fire for hundreds of thousands of years. Still, no one was more successful than a British chemist named John Walker, who attempted to clean his stirring spoon when he discovered a faster technique to ignite a fire.

When John Walker discovered a dried lump on the end of the stirring stick while mixing a pot of chemicals such as sulfur and phosphorus in 1826, he immediately began to investigate. In attempting to scrape off the dried gob, it suddenly ignited. He dubbed the first strike-able matches "friction lights," He created them in a bit of box with a piece of sandpaper, three inches long, before selling them to a local bookshop. Because Walker was unconcerned about patenting the invention, his buddy Samuel Jones replicated the matches, packaged them in a smaller cardboard box that could be easily slipped into a pocket, and marketed them under the name "Lucifers." In 1805, the French scientist Jean Chancel produced the world's first self-igniting match. One of his matches was made from a wooden splint soaked in sugar, while another was made from potassium chlorate dipped in a tiny container of strong sulfuric acid. The chemical combination that produced a yellow, odorless gas called chlorine dioxide, which bursts when it comes into touch with anything, is both harmful and unpleasant.

According to the New York Times, Johan Edward Lundstrom has developed matches made of non-poisonous red phosphorus. The Diamond Match Company is currently the first company to offer "safety matches" in the United States, relinquishing their patent rights and allowing all match firms to create safe matches.

2. Cones for ice cream

The cornet, also known as genuine ice cream, is a cone-shaped edible ice cream container. Its creation remained a mystery and an accident, which fueled controversy. When ice cream costs fell dramatically in the early 1900s, the product became more popular. Ice cream sellers lined the streets of cities throughout the United States and Europe. Flavors of ice cream were up for grabs and how they arranged the ice cream in the container. Ice cream was often served in cups, plates, glasses, paper, glass, and metal containers. Customers would pay a dime to lick the glass clean before returning it to the seller after they had finished eating the ice cream flavor of the day scooped into it by the vendor. In addition to being unsanitary, people were shattering the glasses or accidentally walking away with them while eating ice cream. In 1902, Antonio Valvona submitted the first patent in the United Kingdom for an edible ice cream cup. In 1903, an Italian immigrant named Italo Marchiony filed another patent in the United States for an ice cream bowl.

Historians who disagreed on the origin of the cone-shaped ice cream holder noted that there were 50 ice cream sellers and waffle shops during the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis to commemorate the centenary of the Louisiana Purchase, which was held to mark the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase. As a result of the scorching temperature, ice cream seller Arnold Fornachou ran out of paper cups and paper plates. Ernest Hamwi, a vendor of "zalabia," a waffle-like pastry, sought to assist Fornachou by wrapping up one of his waffle pastries and presenting it to Fornachou, who filled it with ice cream to make it more appealing. As a result of this occurrence, the first ice cream was sold. Other sellers followed suit, and each of them claimed that they were the ones who came up with the game-changing concept. During the festival's commotion and bustle, no one could say for sure who was the first to create the cone. Many patents for "waffle-rolling" devices were submitted after the fair, and merchants continued to claim credit for this unintentional innovation in 1904.

Forces that aid

            Myatt (2010) outlines a three-step process for creating an ah-ha moment:

A.    Unwavering dedication to one's goals:

 Because game-changers aggressively pursue game changers, they come up with the proverbial big idea. For them, nothing less than extraordinary is acceptable.

B.    Put your spin on things.

The status quo is not acceptable to game-changers. They put all of their energy into upending the established order. Organizations led by game-changers refuse to conform to traditional wisdom and bureaucracy. A fantastic way to be unique is to make the originals fresh and distinct (Grant, 2016).

C.    Decide on a particular goal.

Intrinsic and extrinsic curiosity are essential to game-changers success. They are aware of the importance of contributing to something greater than themselves.

Various factors may support a game-changing notion, including human behavior and culture, the economy, and technological innovation. Matches and ice cream cones from game-changing concepts seem to have come about by accident in a sudden certainty.

Inventions like the strike-able matches are fueled by human behavior and culture. People want to improve their quality of life and the environment when they live in a society where innovation is valued. As a British pharmacist, John Walker found the flammable substance by scraping it off of his equipment. Curiosity is the driving factor behind this game-changing device, which aims to make human existence more straightforward and comfortable.

Human curiosity and economics are the driving forces behind the birth of ice cream cones. There were no more cups or glasses to carry ice cream in hot weather at the festival, so the game-changing notion of utilizing a funnel-shaped pastry roll to contain ice cream was fantastic and straightforward. This game-changing idea is a massive success because of work's behavioral and economic forces.

Source: Adapted from linkedin.com, (2015)

Synopsis

It briefly reviewed implementable game-changing concepts, the iterative 5-step process, and two game-changing tales (i.e., matches and ice cream cones) resulting from mistakes or accidents. A practical framework for accident innovations relies on a commitment to pursue, a desire to be unique, and a defined goal. Human behavior, economics, culture, and curiosity all had a role in developing these accidental creations. A list of all the references appears on the final page of this document.

 

References

Cyran, P. & Gaylord (2012). The 20 most fascinating accidental inventions. Retrieved March 17, 2022, from

http://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/2012/1005/The-20-most-fascinating-

accidental-inventions/Ice-Cream-Cones

http://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/2012/1005/The-20-most-fascinating-accidental-inventions/Matches

Folch, M. (2013). How to generate game-changing ideas. Retrieved March 17, 2022, from

http://www.marcfolch.com/

Grant, A. (2016). T.E.D Talks: the surprising habits of original thinkers. Retrieved

on March 18, 2022, from http://www.ted.com/talks/adam_grant_the_surprising_habits_of_original_thinkers

Myatt, M. (2010). 6 steps for creating a game-changer. Retrieved March 19, 2022 from

http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikemyatt/2012/10/10/how-great-leaders-create-

game-changers/#4205fdea7ea0 

 

Futuring and Innovation: Think Tank Methods II

                                                  

                             Futuring and Innovation: Think Tank Methods II

Raphael Brown CS875 U4DB1

Date: 03/24/22

 

    An approach connected with the Think Tank is the Delphi Approach, which the RAND Corporation developed in the 1950s to predict the influence of technological advancements on military operations. It has since been used in various fields, including health care, education, administration, and the environment. Through online technologies such as ExpertLens, experts and stakeholders may now anonymously reply to surveys, get feedback reflecting the "group response," discuss and change their replies to evaluate whether they can attain expert consensus on their responses. (Monica & California 90401-3208, n.d.) Incorporating the Delphi approach, group members may provide anonymous feedback to stimulate more open debate among group members based on their own experiences and viewpoints. When organizations wish to incorporate and implement the views of many individuals, they employ the Delphi approach.

    The Delphi approach provides for more significant input while also enabling those unable to attend a face-to-face meeting to engage in the dialogue via telephone. It is also utilized effectively by marketers to develop surveys and questionnaires to get honest feedback from clients or consumers. Throughout this essay, we will discuss the Delphi approach and how companies may utilize it to handle complicated and contentious problems by engaging in an organized discussion. (Team, n.d.)

The Nominal group technique, which is the second approach group decision-making method, that I discuss in this discussion post. This technique is a vital aspect of teaming skillsets, cooperation, and interpersonal communication, and it will be discussed in this discussion article. The nominal group method benefits during brainstorming by using the voting process to rate ideas based on their usefulness, followed by prioritizing via the employment of the following tactics. As a brainstorming approach, it is essential to note that the nominal group technique differs significantly from the conventional approach. This is especially true because the nominal group technique ranks ideas, elevating the brainstorming to a higher level of sophistication than traditional brainstorming methods. During the brainstorming process, each participant contributes to the idea creation process. After that, the ideas are nominated for consideration, with the best ideas being selected and ranked according to well-established criteria. (McMillan and colleagues (2016); Urquhart-Secord (2016))

            The Delphi approach and the nominal group technique are comparable in that they are both decision-making procedures that rely on group involvement, input, and cooperation to conclude. The fact that these group issue-solving methods include detecting the presence of a problem, developing a solution to the problem, and making a choice to settle the recognized problem should be noted for completeness.

    The following is a comparison of the Delphi and nominal group techniques described in detail below. The Delphi approach assures that all participants stay anonymous and have no chance of becoming familiar with one another before the meeting. On the other hand, the nominal group approach guarantees that participants engage with one another in a way that allows them to get familiar with one another. For example, while Delphi attendees are generally geographically separated and unable to engage in face-to-face discussion and participation, nominal group technique attendees are more likely to engage in round-table discussion and participation during a round table discussion and participation session. (Brady, 2015; Hohmann, 2018)

    Aside from that, the Delphi approach allows for the documentation and compilation of every view expressed by each group member and the revision of such opinions and their supporting reasons by the whole group. According to the Delphi technique, before agreeing, the thoughts that have been recorded and collated are discussed by the whole group until a consensus is reached. On the other hand, the nominal group approach allows each group member to record and communicate their thoughts to the whole group via a nominal group technique. (Brady, 2015; Hohmann, 2018)

 

 

References

 

Brady, S. R. (2015). Utilizing and adapting the Delphi method for use in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 14(5), 1609406915621381.

McMillan, S. S., King, M., & Tully, M. P. (2016). How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques. International journal of clinical pharmacy, 38(3), 655-662.

Monica, 1776 Main Street Santa, & California 90401-3208. (n.d.). Delphi Method. Retrieved March 16, 2022, from https://www.rand.org/topics/delphi-method.html

Team, E. (n.d.). Delphi Technique Explained with Examples. ProjectPractical.Com. Retrieved March 17, 2022, from https://www.projectpractical.com/delphi-technique-explained-with-examples/

Futuring and Innovation: Think Tank Methods I

                        

         

    

Image 1 (Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported — CC BY-NC 3.0, n.d.)

                                      Futuring and Innovation: Think Tank Methods I

Raphael Brown CS875 U3DB1

Date: 03/17/22

 

For this Unit 3 Discussion Board assignment, I will be discussing one technology and one key trend from a website called EDUCAUSE. Two strategic briefs from an NMC Horizon Project look at the landscape of digital literacy and how it might improve the quality of student learning on college campuses. Research supported by Adobe aims to provide light on existing frameworks, examples, and difficulties influencing this vital topic's future development. As a resource for higher education leaders, this brief is meant to add to a growing body of information about digital literacy efforts.

"New Media Consortium (NMC) 2016 strategic brief on digital literacy, one which established baseline definitions of digital literacy, cited critical commentary and models, and best practices and recommendations for implementing successful digital literacy initiatives, is the inspiration for this publication (Digital Literacy in Higher Education, Part II, n.d.)." Many NMC members were polled for this study. During the NMC's first work in the United States, it became clear that digital literacy included more than just knowing how to use a computer. As a result of this knowledge, students must be able to use their technical abilities in conjunction with critical thinking, creativity, and a grasp of the broader ramifications of their actions. There are three main types of digital literacy described in the 2016 study, each with its requirements, curriculum, and ramifications for educators in the chart below:

Three Models of Digital Literacy

1.      Universal Literacy - The ability to use standard digital tools, such as word processing, picture editing, cloud-based applications, and tools for creating online content.

2.     Creative Literacy - Includes all areas of universal literacy and advanced technical abilities such as video editing, audio editing, animation, and comprehension of computational device hardware and programming — along with digital citizenship and copyright awareness.

3.     Literacy Across Disciplines - Sociology courses, for example, may educate students about online interpersonal behaviors like the ethics and politics of social network involvement. In contrast, business courses can teach students about computer-mediated human interactions. (Digital Literacy in Higher Education, Part II, n.d.)

Throughout the Future of Jobs, creative thinking has been elevated from the tenth position in 2015 to the third for 2020. Automated systems are boosting productivity and taking over formerly dull and complex tasks, but they can't match or replace human imagination.4 To put it another way, the ethos of students as creators is deeply ingrained in excellent digital literacy teaching. It's not the digital tools themselves that are important, but how students use them. No longer can students consume material; they may actively participate in the local and global knowledge ecosystem by creating and critiquing their content as well as the content of others. According to several school purpose statements, students may make a difference in the world now.

 

 

Introduction

 I am a Doctoral Student studying Cybersecurity and Information Assurance. I know you would already know this, but who will if I do not blow my own horn? (laughing) I have an AS in General Studies, BS in IT Network Management, and an MS in IT Security Management. I am going to be anonymous due to privacy concerns. I hope to have a little fun in the blogosphere. I am a descendant of two sixth-generation grandparents of the American Revolutionary War. One was a Major, the other a Captain, both fought in the same campaigns. I have two excellent German Shepherd Dogs who have a pure European bloodline; one is a male who is four and a female who is two. I have a fantastic Son who is thirty. The course I am taking right now is Futuring and Innovation, where we take a look into the future and visualize what it may be like thirty to fifty years down the road and predict what changes there may be. The blog I will be doing will relate to my studies in Cybersecurity along with Information Assurance. Wish me luck. I plan on having lots of fun.